Background and Aims Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a severe malignant tumor in
which the standard therapies are mostly ineffective. The biological significance of the …

Objective The diversity of the tumour microenvironment (TME) of intrahepatic
cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) has not been comprehensively assessed. We aimed to …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents a heterogeneous group of epithelial tumours that are
classified according to anatomical location as intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), or distal …

Background & Aims Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive hepatobiliary malignancy
originating from biliary tract epithelium. Whether cholangiocarcinoma is responsive to …

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) exhibits extensive intratumoral heterogeneity and
an extremely high mortality rate. Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing, RNA …

Tumour microenvironment is a complex, multicellular functional compartment that,
particularly when assembled as an abundant desmoplastic reaction, may profoundly affect …

Background Immune microenvironment is well recognized as a critical regulator across
cancer types, despite its complex roles in different disease conditions. Intrahepatic …

Immune cells constitute an important element of tumor tissue. Accumulating evidence
indicates their clinicopathological significance in predicting prognosis and therapeutic …

Recent literature has significantly advanced our knowledge and understanding of the
tumour immune microenvironment of cholangiocarcinoma. Detailed characterisation of the …

Purpose: Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are transforming the treatment approach for
intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). However, little is known about the intertumor …