Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by largely irreversible
airflow limitation and is associated with several extrapulmonary manifestations and co …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered one of the leading causes of
mortality. Cardiovascular comorbidities are diagnosed often in COPD patients, not only …

Increasing evidence indicates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a
complex disease involving more than airflow obstruction. Airflow obstruction has profound …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is highly prevalent worldwide. Its morbidity
and mortality are increasing and it is predicted to be the third leading cause of death by …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in COPD.
There is a high prevalence of traditional risk factors in this patient group including smoking …

In recent years, a greater understanding of the heterogeneity and complexity of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has come from the point of view of an integrated …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem and now ranks
fifth in terms of the global burden of disease. Although COPD is a disease that is …

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) and concomitant disease leads to reduced quality of life …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is often associated with cardiovascular diseases,
such as pulmonary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias or heart failure. These …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) constitutes a major global health burden
and is the third leading cause of death worldwide. A high proportion of patients with COPD …