The mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated (MAPK/ERK) pathway
is activated by upstream genomic events and/or activation of multiple signaling events in …

Abstract The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK pathway is the most well-studied of the MAPK cascades
and is critical for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Abnormalities in regulation …

Cancer is characterized as a complex disease caused by coordinated alterations of multiple
signaling pathways. The Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling is one of the best-defined …

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, often known as the RAS-RAF-MEK-
ERK signal cascade, functions to transmit upstream signals to its downstream effectors to …

Among mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, the
extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway has received the most attention in the …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway dysregulation is implicated in> 30% of all
cancers, rationalizing the development of RAF, MEK and ERK inhibitors. While BRAF and …

There are three major subfamilies of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK): the
extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK MAPK); the c-jun N-terminal kinase or stress …

The central role played by the ERK/MAPK pathway downstream of RAS in human
neoplasias is best exemplified in the context of melanoma skin cancer. Signaling through …

Molecular characterization of oncogenic mutations within genes in the MAPK and
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways has led to the rational development of targeted therapies …

The mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) pathway is one of the
best-characterized kinase cascades in cancer cell biology. It is triggered by either growth …