Objective Premature and ill neonates undergo painful but medically necessary procedures
while hospitalized. Although opiate drugs are administered as analgesics, problems …

This study examined the short-and long-term neuroprotective and analgesic activity of
honokiol (a naturally occurring lignan isolated from Magnolia) on developing brains in …

Background Drugs activating the mu opioid receptor are routinely used to treat severe acute
and chronic pain. Unfortunately, side effects including nausea, constipation, respiratory …

Salvia divinorum is a natural occurring hallucinogen that is traditionally used by the Mazatec
Indians of central Mexico. The diterpene salvinorin A was identified as an active component …

Sinomenine is an alkaloid originally isolated from the root of the plant Sinomenium acutum.
It is used in traditional medicine in China to treat rheumatic arthritis. In the present study, we …

Pain remains a very pervasive problem throughout medicine. Classical pain management is
achieved through the use of opiates belonging to the mu opioid receptor (MOR) class, which …

The management of postoperative and inflammatory pain has been a pressing challenge in
clinical settings. Sinomenine (SN) is a morphinan derived alkaloid with remarkable …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Salvia divinorum Epling & Játiva is a Mexican
plant used not only in rituals but also in traditional medicine for pain relief. One of the most …

Background: The mu-opioid receptor (MOPr) activating drugs such as morphine, fentanyl,
etorphine and methadone are used to treat moderate to severe pain. However, their long …

Background and Purpose This study examined the antinociceptive effects of sinomenine in a
rat model of postoperative pain. Experimental Approach Male and female rats were …