Bipolar disorder (BP) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, affecting∼ 2% of the worldwide
population, for which the etiological basis, pathogenesis, and neurocircuitry remain poorly …

For more than 60 years, the mood stabilizer lithium has been used alone or in combination
for the treatment of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, depression, and other mental illnesses …

BACKGROUND: Despite extensive research, the molecular/cellular underpinnings of bipolar
disorder (BD) remain to be fully elucidated. Recent data has demonstrated that mood …

Lithium is widely used to treat bipolar disorder, but its mechanism of action in this disorder is
unknown. Several molecular targets of lithium have been identified, but these putative …

Lithium is the first-line therapy for bipolar disorder. However, its therapeutic target remains
controversial. Candidates include inositol monophosphatases, glycogen synthase kinase-3 …

Lithium and other mood-stabilizing drugs are used for the management of bipolar mood
disorders and, to a lesser extent, for augmentation of other psychoactive drugs. Lithium also …

Despite many decades of clinical use, the therapeutic target of lithium remains uncertain. It is
recognized that therapeutic concentrations of lithium, through competition with the similarly …

This study tested if sodium valproate or lithium, two agents used to treat bipolar mood
disorder, altered the regulatory phosphorylations of Akt or glycogen synthase kinase-3β …

The mood disorders major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are prevalent, are
inadequately treated, and little is known about their etiologies. A better understanding of the …

Lithium is the most effective and well established treatment for bipolar disorder, and it has a
broad array of effects within cellular pathways. However, the specific processes through …