Balanced immune regulation is crucial for recognizing an invading pathogen, its killing, and
elimination. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the key regulators of the innate immune system. It …

TLRs are of crucial importance to the innate immune system by recognising molecules that
are broadly shared by pathogens but distinguishable from host molecules. The innate …

Septic shock is initiated by a systemic inflammatory response to microbial infection that
frequently leads to impaired perfusion and multiple organ failure. Because of its high risk of …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensors that recognize the pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …

Roles for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are emerging in conditions such as sepsis syndrome,
systemic lupus erythromatosis, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, suggesting that the …

The innate immune system is essential for host defense and is responsible for early
detection of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Upon recognition of microbes by innate …

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, threatens the entire world. It …

Toll-like receptors play a vital role in cell-mediated immunity, which is crucial for the immune
system's defense against pathogens and maintenance of homeostasis. The interaction …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the archetypal pattern recognition receptors in sensing
exogenous pathogens. Activation of TLRs is a first line of defense of the immune system …

Abstract The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential transmembrane signaling receptors of
the innate immune system that alert the host to the presence of a microbial invader. The …