The recognition of invading pathogens and endogenous molecules from damaged tissues
by toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers protective self-defense mechanisms. However …

Although a well-regulated inflammatory response is a vital defense mechanism against viral
infection, too much inflammation can be detrimental. Excessive inflammatory responses …

Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

Immunotherapies that can either activate or suppress innate immune responses are being
investigated as treatments against infectious diseases and the pathology they can cause …

Drosophila Toll protein is a transmembrane receptor whose function is to recognize the
invasion of microorganisms as well as to establish dorso-ventral polarity. Recently …

Toll‐like receptors (TLR), a family of evolutionarily conserved pathogen recognition
receptors, play pivotal role as primary sensors of invading pathogens. TLR identify …

The evolutionary conserved Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the first identified and best
characterized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which discriminate self from nonself …

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family provide key components of mammalian immunity and are
part of the earliest surveillance mechanisms responding to infection. Their activation triggers …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionary conserved transmembrane proteins that
recognize a unique pattern of molecules derived from pathogens or damaged cells …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise specific molecular signatures of pathogens and trigger
antimicrobial defence responses. Thereby, two independent signalling pathways can be …