Preschool children often confuse letters with their mirror images when they try to read and
write. Mirror confusion seems to occur more often in line with the direction of script (eg, left-to …

The writing attempts of children often feature mirror-reversals of individual letters. These
reversals are thought to arise from an adaptive tendency to mirror-generalize. However, it is …

We happened to observe that text that was reflected about either the horizontal or vertical
axis was more difficult to read than text that was reflected about first one and then the other …

In left-to-right writing cultures, spontaneous mirror writing of letters and digits in preliterate
children appears more frequently on left-than right-facing characters. A compelling theory …

Mirror writing refers to the production of individual letters, whole words or sentences in
reverse direction. Unintentional mirror writing has been observed in young children learning …

The aim of this study was to test that the ability to obtain information about more than one
letter at a glance develops prior to conventional reading. This study included 55 Dutch …

When learning to write, children often mirror-reverse individual letters. For children learning
to use the Latin alphabet, in a left-to-right writing culture, letters that appear to face left (such …

In our former work (Kolinsky, Verhaeghe, Fernandes, Mengarda, Grimm-Cabral, & Morais,
2011), we showed that adults who remained illiterate for socio-economic reasons have …

Recent research has found that children reverse mainly the left-oriented characters when
writing from memory (eg they write ɩ and ε instead of J and 3). In order to obtain an objective …

This review compares visuo-spatial and linguistic mechanisms for discriminating between
mirror image letters. The conclusion is drawn that both processes play a role in efficient …