An association between high levels of air pollutants and human disease has been known for
more than half a century. Air pollution is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of …

Abstract Purpose of Review Air pollution is established as an independent risk factor for
cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Ambient particulate matter (PM), a principal component of …

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality. The focus of this review will be on the role that both acute and …

Air pollution is now becoming an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. Numerous epidemiological, biomedical and clinical studies indicate that ambient …

In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on “Air Pollution and
Cardiovascular Disease” concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution …

Air pollution is consistently linked with elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-
related mortality. Particulate matter (PM) is a critical factor in air pollution-associated CVD …

Air pollution is a heterogeneous mixture of gases, liquids and PM (particulate matter). In the
modern urban world, PM is principally derived from fossil fuel combustion with individual …

Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate components, each of which has
detrimental effects on human health. While the composition of air pollution varies greatly …

Background—Epidemiologic studies have linked long-term exposure to fine particulate
matter air pollution (PM) to broad cause-of-death mortality. Associations with specific …

Clinical and epidemiological studies demonstrate that short-and long-term exposure to air
pollution increases mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Given the …