Most measures of agreement are chance-corrected. They differ in three dimensions: their
definition of chance agreement, their choice of disagreement function, and how they handle …

Agreement studies often involve more than two raters or repeated measurements. In the
presence of two raters, the proportion of agreement and of positive agreement are simple …

In 1960, Cohen introduced the kappa coefficient to measure chance‐corrected nominal
scale agreement between two raters. Since then, numerous extensions and generalizations …

Scott's pi and Cohen's kappa are widely used for assessing the degree of agreement
between two raters with binary outcomes. However, many authors have pointed out its …

Cohen's κ measures the improvement in classification above chance level and it is the most
popular measure of interjudge agreement. Yet, there is considerable confusion about its …

Everyone agrees there are problems with currently available agreement coefficients.
Cohen's weighted Kappa does not extend to multiple raters, and does not adjust for both …

Agreement between raters on a categorical scale is not only a subject of scientific research
but also a problem frequently encountered in practice. Whenever a new scale is developed …

Abstract In a $2\times2 $ table showing binary agreement between two raters, it is known
that Cohen's $\kappa $, a chance-corrected measure of agreement, has two paradoxes …

Most currently used measures of interrater agreement for the nominal case incorporate a
correction for chance agreement. The definition of chance agreement, however, is not the …

Several measures of agreement, such as the Perreault–Leigh coefficient, the AC 1, and the
recent coefficient of van Oest, are based on explicit models of how judges make their ratings …