The mineralized extracellular matrix of bone is an organic–inorganic nanocomposite
consisting primarily of carbonated hydroxyapatite, fibrous type I collagen, noncollagenous …

Current in vitro models have provided insights into collagen mineralization. However, the
role of the collagen fibrillar framework in the formation of carbonated hydroxylapatite (CHA) …

We demonstrate that intrafibrillar, homogenous collagen biomineralization can be achieved
by controlling self-assembly under mildly alkaline conditions. Using dense collagen (DC) …

The design of improved materials for orthopedic implants and bone tissue engineering
scaffolds relies on materials mimicking the properties of bone. Calcium phosphate (Ca-PO4) …

Biological hard tissues such as bones always contain extremely high levels of citrate, which
is believed to play an important role in bone formation as well as in osteoporosis treatments …

Bioinspired in vitro collagen mineralization experiments have been performed in the
presence of citrate and the combined role of the two bone organic matrix components in …

Biomineralization in vertebrates is a ubiquitous and tightly regulated process which creates
hierarchical structures for the skeleton. Because of the lack of understanding and …

We revealed that nucleation sites within collagen fibrils determined pathways for calcium
phosphate (CaP) nucleation and its transformation, from amorphous species to crystalline …

Over the last several years, significant progress has been made toward understanding the
mechanisms involved in the mineralization of hard collagenous tissues, such as bone and …

Contemporary models of intrafibrillar mineralization mechanisms are established using
collagen fibrils as templates without considering the contribution from collagen-bound …