Objectives To evaluate how often reproducible research practices, which allow others to
recreate the findings of studies, given the original data, are used in systematic reviews (SRs) …

In a meta-analysis, a question always arises. Is it worthwhile to combine estimates from
studies of different populations using various formulations of an intervention, evaluating …

Objectives With the aim to facilitate a more comprehensive review process in public health
including patient safety, we established a tool that we have termed ICROMS (Integrated …

Background Assessing the risk of bias in individual studies in a systematic review can be
done using individual components or by summarizing the study quality in an overall score …

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction What is bias? Tools for assessing quality
and risk of bias Introduction to sources of bias in clinical trials The Cochrane Collaboration's …

Assessment of applicability is an essential part of the systematic review process. In the
context of systematic reviews of the effects of interventions, applicability is an assessment of …

Background A meta-analysis as part of a systematic review aims to provide a thorough,
comprehensive and unbiased statistical summary of data from the literature. However …

Background The published clinical research literature may be distorted by the pursuit of
statistically significant results. Purpose We aimed to develop a test to explore biases …

Background: The reporting of outcomes within published randomized trials has previously
been shown to be incomplete, biased and inconsistent with study protocols. We sought to …

Objective: The objective of this study was to build on the seminal paper by Tunis et al
(Practical clinical trials. Increasing the value of clinical research for decision making in …