Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for postoperative analgesia have
considerable adverse effects, with paracetamol having a different mechanism of action …

Objectives: We aimed to determine the effects of intraperitoneal administration of
levobupivacaine on pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a prospective, randomized …

ABSTRACT… Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for
symptomatic cholelithiasis. Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine is one of the methods …

Objective: To determine whether intraoperative local injection of 0.5% bupivacaine around
port sites would decrease early postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and …

Background Earlier studies done to compare the efficacy of use of local anesthetics at
intraperitoneal location versus intraincisional use had utilized equal amount of drugs at the …

ABSTRACT… Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for
symptomatic cholelithiasis. Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine is one of the methods …

Purpose: To estimate the effect of intraperitoneal levobupivacaine on postoperative pain and
analgesic requirements, during the first 24 hours after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy …

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now the gold standard for treatment of
symptomatic gallstones. After this surgery patients suffer visceral and shoulder pain …

Background Pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a barrier to early
discharge. Some studies have demonstrated that local anaesthetic (LA) washed over the …

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of
preincisional and intraperitoneal levobupivacaine or normal saline in patients undergoing …