Amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) are important components of
complex acoustic signals including speech. Response to AM tone is found at many places of …

Speech and other communication signals contain components of frequency and amplitude
modulations (FM, AM) that often occur together. Auditory midbrain (or inferior colliculus, IC) …

Amplitude-modulated (AM) signals represent important components of environmental
sounds. While single-cell responses to AM tones in the central auditory system were often …

In macaques, the middle lateral auditory cortex (ML) is a belt region adjacent to the primary
auditory cortex (A1) and believed to be at a hierarchically higher level. Although ML single …

Temporal modulations in stimulus amplitude are essential for recognizing and categorizing
behaviorally relevant acoustic signals such as speech. Despite this behavioral importance, it …

Changes in the temporal envelope are important defining features of natural acoustic
signals. Many cells in the inferior colliculus (IC) respond preferentially to certain modulation …

The main goal of the present study was to investigate the encoding of a biologically-relevant
acoustic feature—amplitude modulation (AM)—in single neurons of the auditory nerve and …

Key points• Amplitude modulation (AM) is a key information‐carrying feature of natural
sounds. The majority of physiological data on AM representation are in response to 100 …

In the rodent auditory system, the primary cortex is subdivided into two regions, both
receiving direct inputs from the auditory thalamus: the primary auditory cortex (A1) and the …

Amplitude modulation (AM) is a common feature of natural sounds, including speech and
animal vocalizations. Here, we used operant conditioning and in vivo electrophysiology to …