Atopic dermatitis (AD) is classified as a type 2 disease owing to the majority of type 2
lymphocytes that constitute the skin-infiltrating leukocytes. However, all of the type 1–3 …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Although the
pathogenesis of AD is not fully understood, we and others have shown that IL-4 plays a key …

Background: Although CD4+ T cells are known to contribute to the pathology of atopic
dermatitis (AD), the role of T helper 17 cells and interleukin (IL)–17 in skin inflammation …

T helper-17 (Th17) cells, which mainly produce IL-17, are associated with development of
various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common and relapsing allergic disease of the skin. AD is
characterized by a predominant expression of Th2-type cytokines associated with increased …

Background: Interleukin (IL)-13 is a T-cell-derived cytokine that shares several functions with
IL-4, including the induction of immunoglobulin E synthesis. Recent studies suggest that …

Type 2 immunity and inflammation underlie allergic skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis
(AD). In type 2 inflammation, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5, which are signature type 2 cytokines, are …

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) plays a vital role in the homeostasis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Although
IL-7 has been implicated in T helper (Th) 1-and Th17-mediated autoinflammatory diseases …

An imbalance of the adaptive immune system mediated by various T cells plays a pivotal
role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Traditionally, sustained exposure of …

Skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by the predominant infiltration of
T-helper (Th) 2-cells in lesional skin. However, the mechanism of recruitment of these cells …