Immunization or microbial infection can establish long-term B cell memory not only
systemically but also locally. Evidence has suggested that local B cell memory contributes to …

Despite the importance of memory B cells in protection from reinfection, how such memory
cells are selected and generated during germinal-center (GC) reactions remains unclear …

Memory B cells are at the center of longstanding controversies regarding the presence of
antigen for their survival and their re-engagement in germinal centers after secondary …

Repeated exposure to pathogens or their antigens triggers anamnestic antibody responses
that are higher in magnitude and affinity than the primary response. These involve …

Memory is the defining feature of the adaptive immune system. Humoral immune memory is
largely though not exclusively generated in the germinal center (GC), which spawns long …

Immunological memory is required for protection against repeated infections and is the basis
of all effective vaccines. Antibodies produced by memory B cells play an essential role in …

Antigen recall can clearly induce a germinal center (GC) reaction. What has become an
issue for debate are the origins of the antigen-specific B cells that form memory-response …

The memory B-cell pool in an immune individual is more heterogeneous than previously
recognized. The different types of memory B cells likely play distinct roles in tuning the …

Memory B cells formed in response to microbial antigens provide immunity to later
infections; however, the inability to detect rare endogenous antigen-specific cells limits …

Memory B cells comprise a heterogenous group of cells that differ in origin and phenotype.
During the early phases of the immune response, activated B cells can differentiate into IgM …