Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous syndrome
that represents a major global health burden. COPD phenotypes have recently emerged …

The face of COPD is rapidly evolving. Rather than a superficial view of a self-inflicted
disease of elderly smokers, COPD has now been recognized as a complex condition with …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a non-specific inflammation,
which involves the airways, lung parenchyma and pulmonary vessels. The inflammation …

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease, primarily
caused by cigarette smoke, which will soon become the third leading cause of death …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized
by persistent airflow limitation. It is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and there are …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease of the lung
associated with progressive airflow limitation and punctuated by episodes of acute …

Background Because chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous
condition, the identification of specific clinical phenotypes is key to developing more effective …

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a serious global
health issue that is commonly associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). The close …

The management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has improved
significantly due to advances in therapeutic agents, but it has also become apparent that …

COPD is a complex and heterogeneous disease, in which multiple genes and
environmental factors are involved. The disease is associated with a high risk of comorbidity …