The immune system of normal unimmunized animals is characterized by the presence of B
cells synthesizing and secreting mainly polyreactive, but also monoreactive, IgM and IgG …

Natural autoantibodies/natural autoimmunity forms a network that serves to protect the
organism from outer and inner danger but may also contribute to autoimmune disease. This …

Since Burnet first introduced his “forbidden clones” theory, the discrimination between self
and non-self and the physiologic mechanisms of avoiding autoimmunity remained an …

Autoantibodies of the IgM, IgG and IgA classes, reactive with a variety of serum proteins, cell
surface structures and intracellular structures, are 'naturally'found in all normal individuals …

Natural autoantibodies (autoNAb) recognize self antigens and are an important component
of the immune system, as species ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates have …

Antibodies that are present in the serum of healthy individuals in the absence of deliberate
immunization with any antigen, are refered to as natural antibodies. A vast majority of natural …

Induction of antibodies (Abs) to infectious agents requires the help of many different genes
involved in selection and regulation processes. It is thus unlikely that a direct development of …

The human mind easily accepts all that seems logical and rational to it and, on this basis, a
concept can be developed which, even if proven to be totally or partially false at a later date …

The term 'Immunculus' has been proposed for designation of the global system (network) of
constitutively expressed natural autoantibodies (na-Ab) interacting specifically with different …

Antibodies with germline or close to germline configuration exist in vertebrates, and these so-
called 'naturally occurring auto-antibodies'(NAb) are directed to self and altered self …