Introduction Previous research with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) indicates that
coil orientation (TMS current direction) and muscle activation state (rest or active) modify …

Somatosensory information is important for motor control. Sensory input is integrated with
motor commands at several levels of the motor system: spinal, subcortical and cortical …

Objectives Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) is a paired-pulse transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) technique that is commonly used to quantify intracortical inhibitory tone in …

Following a suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the primary motor
cortex (M1) during voluntary muscle contraction, a motor evoked potential (MEP) occurs in …

Paired-pulse magnetic stimulation has been widely used to study intracortical inhibition of
the motor cortex. Inhibition at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 1–5 ms is ascribed to a …

Objective: Intracortical excitability was studied for 4 muscles in the upper extremity by paired
transcranial magnetic stimulation on the motor cortex, using focal and non-focal coils …

When linking in time electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve with transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS), the excitability of the motor cortex can be modulated to evoke clear …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human primary motor cortex (M1) at
suprathreshold strength results in inhibition of M1 in the opposite hemisphere, a process …

Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) are generated
from paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulations (ppTMS) using certain interstimulus …

Motor cortex stimulation has both excitatory and inhibitory effects on ipsilateral muscles.
Excitatory effects can be assessed by ipsilateral motor-evoked potentials (iMEPs). Inhibitory …