Three types of vascular dysfunction have been described in multiple sclerosis (MS). First,
findings from epidemiological studies suggest that patients with MS have a higher risk for …

INTRODUCTION: Recently, a chronic state of impaired venous drainage from the central
nervous system, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was claimed to …

CCSVI is the acronym for Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency, initially described by
P. Zamboni, as being strongly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is a syndrome …

Aim. The aim of this open-label study was to assess extracra-nial Doppler criteria of chronic
cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods. Seventy patients …

AIM: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a vascular condition
characterized by anomalies of primary veins outside the skull that restrict normal outflow of …

Importance Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by
restricted venous outflow from the brain and spinal cord. Whether this condition is …

Objective: We report the results of the investigation of safety and efficacy of venous
angioplasty in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with findings of extracranial venous …

MINERVA MEDICA COPYRIGHT® Page 1 Vol. 30 - No. 6 INTERNATIONAL ANGIOLOGY 571
from 62% to 100% of obstructive lesions has been found by some teams in patients with MS …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CCSVI hypothesizes an association between impaired
extracranial venous drainage and MS. Published sonographic criteria for CCSVI are …

Aim. Chronic fatigue (CF) severely affects patients with mul-tiple sclerosis (MS), but its
pathogenesis remains elusive and the effectiveness of available treatments is modest. We …