Sepsis progresses to multiple organ dysfunction due to the uncontrolled release of
inflammatory mediators, and a growing body of evidence shows that neural signals play a …

The vagus nerve can sense peripheral inflammation and transmit action potentials from the
periphery to the brainstem. Vagal afferent signaling is integrated in the brainstem, and …

Sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality in hospitalized patients. Despite the recent
technical advances and the development of novel generation of antibiotics, severe sepsis …

Physiologic anti-inflammatory mechanisms are selected by evolution to control the immune
system and to prevent infectious and inflammatory disorders. Central-acting α 2-agonists …

Excessive activation of the immune system is prevented by anti-inflammatory mediators such
as corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Recently, it became clear that the brain …

Neural reflex circuits regulate cytokine release to prevent potentially damaging inflammation
and maintain homeostasis. In the inflammatory reflex, sensory input elicited by infection or …

Sepsis is considered as a disease of profoundly and uncontrollably activated innate immune
response against bacterial infection or their products. Thus, regulation of innate immune …

Background: The immune system protects the host against dangerous pathogens and
toxins. The central nervous system is charged with monitoring and coordinating appropriate …

Although the immune and nervous systems have long been considered independent
biological systems, they turn out to mingle and interact extensively. The present review …

The immune and nervous systems are tightly integrated, with each system capable of
influencing the other to respond to infectious or inflammatory perturbations of homeostasis …