Of the more than 1 million Americans who suffer recognized myocardial infarctions (MIs)
annually, about 300,000 die in the first year, and a similar number fall victim to crippling …

Despite all efforts in pharmaceutical treatment, heart failure is still a major cause of morbidity
and mortality worldwide (1). The fundamental mechanism that underlies the progressive …

Myocardial structural remodeling, a progressive, of-ten self-perpetuating process, is an
important marker of progressive heart failure. Myocardial cell loss, through any number of …

Despite successful new treatment strategies developed in the past few decades aimed at
different pathomechanisms of myocardial disease, 1 morbidity and mortality due to heart …

The most common cause of systolic dysfunction in the United States is prior ischemic injury.
As the basic functional unit of the myocardium, the cardiac myocyte is the ultimate target of …

Arecent editorial published in Circulation Research by Jutta Schaper and collaborators1 has
raised several challenging questions concerning the role of myocyte death in myocardial …

Cell therapy, arguably the most exciting field of research in contemporary cardiovascular
medicine, is mired in controversy and uncertainty (1, 2). One of the major obstacles to …

Of late, life has become more complicated in cardiovascular biology. Life was simpler when
the prevalent dogma stating that the heart is a terminally differentiated organ without …

The magnitude of an acute myocardial infarction (MI; ie, number of dead cardiomyocytes) is
the most critical determinant of subsequent left ventricular remodeling and heart failure. Also …

Clinical heart failure results from the cumulative loss of functioning myocardium from any
cause. At the cellular level, cardiac myocytes die from three causes, individually or in …