Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been suggested in the pathogenesis of idiopathic
nephrotic syndrome (INS), with conflicting results. This study was performed to identify …

Objective: Paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) exhibits an aggressive clinical
phenotype and severe complications commonly renal involvement. This could be reflective …

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a wide term that used for description of any abnormality in the
kidney's structure or function. Among the most important reasons that lead to CRF are …

Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most frequent glomerular disease
affecting children. Its pathogenesis is not completely evident, it is probably due to …

Children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) is thought to have dysregulated
type-1/type-2 cytokine network. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a cytokine, which may enhance both …

Abstract Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a multifunctional cytokine with both thrombopoietic and anti-
inflammatory effects. In an animal study IL-11 was shown to reduce proteinuria in mice with …

Background: Several cytokines have a pathological association with idiopathic steroid‐
sensitive nephrotic syndrome (ISSNS) in inducing proteinuria or regulating T cells. Because …

Objective To study serum concentration and mRNA expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13) in
children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and the effect of …

Background: Interleukin-18 (IL-18), also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor is a
protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene, it is a member of the IL 1 family and …

Aims: The current investigation aimed to study the effect of certain parameters, including IL-
17A, creatinine, lymphocytes, and basophils, on patients suffering from systemic lupus …