Quality of mothering relies on the integrity of multiple physiological and behavioral systems
and on two maternal factors, one proximal and one distal, that have a great impact on how a …

Mother-infant bonding is universal to all mammalian species. In this review, we describe the
manner in which reciprocal communication between the mother and infant leads to mother …

This overview attempts to synthesise current understandings of the neuroendocrine basis of
parenting. The parent–infant bond is central to the human condition, contributes to risks for …

Parental responses to their children are crucially influenced by stress. However, brain-based
mechanistic understanding of the adverse effects of parenting stress and benefits of …

Highlights•Infants form attachment to their caregiver despite the quality of parenting.•Parents
program emotionality via regulation of infant physiology.•Parental nurturance and caregiver …

Few fMRI studies have investigated the brain-behavioral basis of parenting in human
fathers. Ten fathers were videotaped and gave salivary testosterone samples while …

As parents in modern western societies face increasing pressures that strain their ability to
provide quality childcare, it is important to consider the neural and hormonal bases of …

Observations of early mother–infant interactions have shown that intersubjectivity is a
primary motivation and have underscored the importance of maternal competencies in this …

The cross-generational transmission of mammalian sociality, initiated by the parent's
postpartum brain plasticity and species-typical behavior that buttress offspring's …

Over the last ten years the basic knowledge of brain structure and function has vastly
expanded, and its incorporation into the developmental sciences is now allowing for more …