Addiction to drugs of abuse takes emotional and financial tolls on society, cutting across
ages, races, ethnicities, and genders. It increases mortality, morbidity, and economic costs …

Not the mere procurement and use of drugs, but the fact that patterns of seeking and taking
become compulsive after prolonged drug use is a defining characteristic of drug addiction …

Drug addiction can be defined by a compulsion to seek and take drug, loss of control in
limiting intake, and the emergence of a negative emotional state when access to the drug is …

As we demonstrate in this chapter, research focusing on the neurobiology of addiction has
suggested that both substance and behavioral expressions of addiction share common …

Addiction is a state of compulsive drug use; despite treatment and other attempts to control
drug taking, addiction tends to persist. Clinical and laboratory observations have converged …

Current neurobiological models define addiction as a transition in behavioral control from
impulsive to compulsive mechanisms, underpinned by neuroplasticity in frontal-striatal …

Drugs of abuse are able to elicit compulsive drug-seeking behaviors upon repeated
administration, which ultimately leads to the phenomenon of addiction. Evidence indicates …

Addiction is commonly defined as a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by taking
drugs in excess, compulsive drug seeking, and continued use despite harmful …

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug intake, loss
of control over intake, and impairment in social and occupational function. Animal models …