Objective: There is general agreement that the testing protocol for measuring cigarette
smoke constituents—the International Organization for Standardization regimen—is an …

Objective The rate of nicotine metabolism, determined primarily by CYP2A6 activity,
influences tobacco dependence and smoking-induced disease risk. The prevalence of …

Nicotine underlies tobacco addiction, influences tobacco use patterns, and is used as a
pharmacological aid to smoking cessation. The absorption, distribution and disposition …

Abstract Introduction The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a
longitudinal cohort study on tobacco use behavior, attitudes and beliefs, and tobacco-related …

Background: Smokeless tobacco is an efficient delivery vehicle for nicotine and can contain
significant amounts of carcinogens. However, few studies have examined factors that might …

Quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality, yet
there is a high rate of relapse amongst smokers who try to quit. Phenotypic biomarkers have …

Abstract The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK) is a potent carcinogen, which can be characterized by urinary concentrations of the …

Abstract Background: The US FDA has the authority to reduce cigarette nicotine content if
found to benefit public health. Reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarette use does not …

Background: Reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes to make them non-addictive has
been widely discussed as a potential strategy for tobacco regulation. A major concern with …

Introduction Approximately the same percentage of male high school students in the United
States currently uses conventional smokeless tobacco as smokes cigarettes, resulting in …