A reader of almost any more or less recent review on avian orientation (Wiltschko and
Wiltschko 1999b, Muheim et al. 2006a, Fraser 2010) is most likely to learn that migrating …

Migratory birds need various compass systems for successfully migrating in their season-
specific and species-specific directions. The first compass systems to be revealed were the …

Migratory birds are known to use a number of different orientation cues to determine and
maintain the direction of their movements. They are able to use at least three different …

Migratory birds have a number of navigational tools available for finding their way during
long-distance migration. For passerines, these are known to include a magnetic compass …

Migratory birds use several different sources of orientation information. They have at least
three compass systems based on different cues: the sun and polarized light, the stars and …

We will not respond in detail to the lengthy and speculative arguments by which Muheim et
al. try to maintain the general validity of their hypothesis, although we are surprised by their …

Birds use different compass mechanisms based on celestial (stars, sun, skylight polarization
pattern) and geomagnetic cues for orientation. Yet, much remains to be understood how …

Migratory birds use different global cues including celestial and magnetic information to
determine and maintain their seasonally appropriate migratory direction. A hierarchy among …

It has been shown that songbird migrants can use several compass cues for orientation (eg
sun position at sunset and possibly sunrise and related polarised light cues, stars and the …

The increasing number of experimental investigations of migratory orientation and homing in
birds have repeatedly given rise to suggestions that orientation mechanisms may be species …