Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is androgen dependent and is regulated by
androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. However, the clinical significance of …

Study Type–Aetiology (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE To investigate whether
baseline (before treatment) clinical variables and tumour specimen characteristics (including …

The molecular basis of androgen-independent prostate cancer is unknown; however,
functional androgen receptor (AR) signaling is maintained after the acquisition of hormone …

Aim: To evaluate androgen receptor (AR) expression in clinically localized prostate cancer
(PCa). Methods: Specimens were studied from 232 patients who underwent radical …

Mechanisms of prostate cancer progression during hormonal therapy and the pathobiologic
consequences of androgen receptor (AR) gene amplification are inadequately known. To …

The principal mode of treatment of advanced (late stage) prostate cancer is androgen
ablation. Although the response rate to hormonal ablation is high, relapse ultimately leading …

Earlier studies of androgen-receptor (AR) expression using frozen prostate tissue, and later
studies using archived specimens, produced the consensus that ligand-stabilized AR is …

BACKGROUND Although up to 30% of men who undergo radical prostatectomy for clinically
organ‐confined prostate cancer will relapse with disseminated disease, currently it is not …

Androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear transcription factor that binds male sex steroids and
mediates the biological effects of these hormones to the target cells, such as the epithelial …

BACKGROUND The role of androgen receptors (ARs) in the prostate tumor cell environment
is largely unknown. METHODS AR immunostaining was evaluated in relation to stroma …