The human immune system involves highly complex and coordinated processes in which
small proteins named cytokines play a key role. Cytokines have been implicated in the …

Recent therapeutic advancements in understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms
of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have highlighted the strategies that aim to inhibit the harmful …

Success achieved so far in the blockade of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin (IL)-1 in
rheumatoid arthritis exemplifies the feasibility and potential therapeutic application of …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint destruction.
Cytokines play a key role in its pathogenesis. They contribute to the induction and …

The hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic synovial inflammation resulting in
progressive joint damage. Cytokines are key mediators of inflammation and can be found in …

Advances in cDNA and monoclonal antibody technology in the 1980s fuelled the discovery
and characterization of the properties of cytokines. It became apparent that because …

The clinical success of TNFα blocking biologics in a growing number of immune-mediated
pathologies, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis and …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as a common chronic disease leading to severe disability,
requires early diagnosis and introduction of proper treatment. Deregulation in the cytokine …

A better understanding of cytokine biology over the last two decades has allowed the
successful development of cytokine inhibitors against tumour necrosis factor and interleukin …

A large number of cytokines are active in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
It is now clear that these cytokines play a fundamental role in the processes that cause …