Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is acquired via diet or synthesized in the skin upon UV
exposure and needs subsequent hydroxylation steps to become activated as 1, 25 …

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the prevailing form of autoimmune thyroiditis and
the leading cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions worldwide. This study aims …

Vitamin D is a cyclopentane polyhydrophenanthrene compound involved mainly in bone
health and calcium metabolism but also autophagy, modulation of the gut microbiota, cell …

In the last decades, the comprehension of the pathophysiology of bone metabolism and its
interconnections with multiple homeostatic processes has been consistently expanded. The …

Vitamin D has been reported to influence physiological systems that extend far beyond its
established functions in calcium and bone homeostasis. Prominent amongst these are the …

A lack of vitamin D has been linked to autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes,
autoimmune thyroiditis and to obesity. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is higher in …

Many studies have investigated the aetiological roles of genetic and environmental factors in
coeliac disease (CD) with the long-term goal of developing an effective primary prevention …

Evidence of the role of vitamin D in the regulation of T and B cells, macrophages, dendritic
cells, and keratinocytes continues to accumulate and provides a link between vitamin D and …

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease initiated by an allergic reaction to gliadin a
component of the protein gluten that is found in wheat and other grains. Vitamin D is a …

The relationship between nutrition and the immune system is a “complicated tango”, as
coined earlier this year in a review in Nutrients [1]. There is growing amount of promising …