Alpha and beta cells act in concert to maintain blood glucose. Alpha cells release glucagon
in response to low glucose to stimulate glycogenolysis in the liver. In contrast, beta cells …

All pancreatic cell populations arise from the standard gut endoderm layer in developing
embryos, requiring a regulatory gene network to originate and maintain endocrine lineages …

The major forms of diabetes are characterized by pancreatic islet β-cell dysfunction and
decreased β-cell numbers, raising hope for cell replacement therapy. Although human islet …

A small number of cells in the adult pancreas are endocrine cells. They are arranged in
clusters called islets of Langerhans. The islets make insulin, glucagon, and other endocrine …

Due to the increasing prevalence of type 1 diabetes and the complications arising from
actual therapies, alternative treatments need to be established. In order to compensate the …

Type 1 diabetes is caused by the loss of insulin‐producing β‐cells as a result of an
autoimmune condition. Despite current therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring the …

Diabetes occurs when the pancreas fails to pro-duce and secrete sufficient insulin for the
maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Although many factors required for β-cell …

Pancreatic β-cells are responsible for producing all of the insulin required by an organism to
maintain glucose homeostasis. Defects in development, maintenance, or expansion of β-cell …

The elaboration of the pancreas from epithelial buds to the intricate organ requires complex
patterning information that controls fundamental cellular processes such as differentiation …

Conversion of one terminally differentiated cell type into another (or transdifferentiation)
usually requires the forced expression of key transcription factors. We examined the …