Purpose This study was conducted to determine how the recently reported increase in drug
poisoning mortality rates in the United States varied by degree of urbanization. Although …

Objectives. To compare 2 approaches to identifying heroin-related deaths in cases of
overdose: standard death certificates and enhanced surveillance. Methods. We reviewed …

This study examines causes of death, years of life lost, and health and drug use
characteristics associated with mortality over an 8 to 10 year period in a sample of …

Abstract Background Alcohol (AUD), opioid (OUD) and other substance use disorders (SUD)
are associated with an increased risk of premature death. The aim of this register-based …

Background Opioids and stimulants (eg, cocaine or methamphetamine/amphetamine
[MAMP]) are major contributors to acute substance toxicity deaths. Causes of stimulant death …

Objectives. We investigated whether eventual causes of death among a cohort of inmates
imprisoned in the southeastern United States differed from those in previous prisoner …

Objectives. This study sought to determine prevalence of and risk factors for nonfatal recent
overdose among street-recruited injection heroin users. Methods. From August 1998 …

Background The prisoner population is characterised by a high burden of disease and
social disadvantage, and ex-prisoners are at increased risk of death following release. Much …

Background In many countries, the average age of people who use illicit opioids, such as
heroin, is increasing. This has been suggested to be a reason for increasing numbers of …

Questionnaires over a 9-year study period (2002–2010) were used to characterize
cannabis, stimulant, and alcohol use among 3099 HIV-infected men participating in the …