Contamination of Caribbean coastal waters by the antifouling herbicide Irgarol 1051

K Carbery, R Owen, T Frickers, E Otero… - Marine Pollution …, 2006 - Elsevier
Irgarol 1051® is a s-triazine herbicide used in popular slime–resistant antifouling paints. It
has been shown to be acutely toxic to corals, mangroves and sea grasses, inhibiting …

Inhibition of coral photosynthesis by the antifouling herbicide Irgarol 1051

R Owen, A Knap, M Toaspern, K Carbery - Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002 - Elsevier
International regulation of organotin compounds for use in antifouling paints has led to the
development and increased use of replacement compounds, notably the s-triazine herbicide …

Antifouling biocides in water and sediments from California marinas

Y Sapozhnikova, E Wirth, K Schiff, M Fulton - Marine pollution bulletin, 2013 - Elsevier
Irgarol 1051 is a common antifouling biocide and is highly toxic to non-target plant species
at low ng/L concentrations. We measured up to 254ng/L Irgarol in water and up to 9ng/g dry …

Occurrence and transport of Irgarol 1051 and its major metabolite in coastal waters from South Florida

PR Gardinali, MD Plasencia, C Maxey - Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2004 - Elsevier
Irgarol 1051, a boosting antifouling agent often used to supplement copper based paints
was found in surface waters from South Florida at stations collected from the Miami River …

Toxicities of antifouling biocide Irgarol 1051 and its major degraded product to marine primary producers

AQ Zhang, KMY Leung, KWH Kwok, VWW Bao… - Marine Pollution …, 2008 - Elsevier
Irgarol 1051 (2-methythiol-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine) is an algaecide
commonly used in antifouling paints. It undergoes photodegradation which yields M1 (2 …

Concentrations of Irgarol in selected marinas of Oahu, Hawaii and effects on settlement of coral larval

S Knutson, CA Downs, RH Richmond - Ecotoxicology, 2012 - Springer
This study examined concentrations of Irgarol 1051® in selected marinas on the island of
Oahu, Hawaii and used laboratory bioassays to assess effects of Irgarol on coral larval …

Distribution of antifouling biocides in California marinas

Y Sapozhnikova, E Wirth, N Singhasemanon… - Journal of …, 2008 - pubs.rsc.org
Antifouling biocides are used to prevent the settlement and growth of organisms on
submerged surfaces. Irgarol 1051 is currently among the most widely used organic booster …

Occurrence and distribution of antifouling biocide Irgarol-1051 in coral reef ecosystems, Zanzibar

MA Sheikh, FS Juma, P Staehr, K Dahl, RJ Rashid… - Marine pollution …, 2016 - Elsevier
methythiol-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine (Irgarol-1051) has been widely
used as effective alternative antifouling paint in marine structures including ships. However …

An ecological risk assessment for the use of Irgarol 1051 as an algaecide for antifoulant paints

LW Hall Jr, JM Giddings, KR Solomon… - Critical Reviews in …, 1999 - search.proquest.com
Irgarol 1051 is an algaecide used in copper-based antifoulant paints for controlling fouling
organisms on the hulls of recreational and commercial watercraft. Paints containing this …

Assessing the effects of Irgarol 1051 on marine phytoplankton populations in Key Largo Harbor, Florida

IM Zamora-Ley, PR Gardinali, FJ Jochem - Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2006 - Elsevier
The antifouling boosting agent Irgarol 1051 is a strong inhibitor of the photosystem II (PSII)
with high efficiency/toxicity towards algae. However, because some phytoplankton species …