Contamination of Caribbean coastal waters by the antifouling herbicide Irgarol 1051
Irgarol 1051® is a s-triazine herbicide used in popular slime–resistant antifouling paints. It
has been shown to be acutely toxic to corals, mangroves and sea grasses, inhibiting …
has been shown to be acutely toxic to corals, mangroves and sea grasses, inhibiting …
Inhibition of coral photosynthesis by the antifouling herbicide Irgarol 1051
International regulation of organotin compounds for use in antifouling paints has led to the
development and increased use of replacement compounds, notably the s-triazine herbicide …
development and increased use of replacement compounds, notably the s-triazine herbicide …
Antifouling biocides in water and sediments from California marinas
Y Sapozhnikova, E Wirth, K Schiff, M Fulton - Marine pollution bulletin, 2013 - Elsevier
Irgarol 1051 is a common antifouling biocide and is highly toxic to non-target plant species
at low ng/L concentrations. We measured up to 254ng/L Irgarol in water and up to 9ng/g dry …
at low ng/L concentrations. We measured up to 254ng/L Irgarol in water and up to 9ng/g dry …
Occurrence and transport of Irgarol 1051 and its major metabolite in coastal waters from South Florida
PR Gardinali, MD Plasencia, C Maxey - Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2004 - Elsevier
Irgarol 1051, a boosting antifouling agent often used to supplement copper based paints
was found in surface waters from South Florida at stations collected from the Miami River …
was found in surface waters from South Florida at stations collected from the Miami River …
Toxicities of antifouling biocide Irgarol 1051 and its major degraded product to marine primary producers
AQ Zhang, KMY Leung, KWH Kwok, VWW Bao… - Marine Pollution …, 2008 - Elsevier
Irgarol 1051 (2-methythiol-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine) is an algaecide
commonly used in antifouling paints. It undergoes photodegradation which yields M1 (2 …
commonly used in antifouling paints. It undergoes photodegradation which yields M1 (2 …
Concentrations of Irgarol in selected marinas of Oahu, Hawaii and effects on settlement of coral larval
S Knutson, CA Downs, RH Richmond - Ecotoxicology, 2012 - Springer
This study examined concentrations of Irgarol 1051® in selected marinas on the island of
Oahu, Hawaii and used laboratory bioassays to assess effects of Irgarol on coral larval …
Oahu, Hawaii and used laboratory bioassays to assess effects of Irgarol on coral larval …
Distribution of antifouling biocides in California marinas
Y Sapozhnikova, E Wirth, N Singhasemanon… - Journal of …, 2008 - pubs.rsc.org
Antifouling biocides are used to prevent the settlement and growth of organisms on
submerged surfaces. Irgarol 1051 is currently among the most widely used organic booster …
submerged surfaces. Irgarol 1051 is currently among the most widely used organic booster …
Occurrence and distribution of antifouling biocide Irgarol-1051 in coral reef ecosystems, Zanzibar
methythiol-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine (Irgarol-1051) has been widely
used as effective alternative antifouling paint in marine structures including ships. However …
used as effective alternative antifouling paint in marine structures including ships. However …
An ecological risk assessment for the use of Irgarol 1051 as an algaecide for antifoulant paints
LW Hall Jr, JM Giddings, KR Solomon… - Critical Reviews in …, 1999 - search.proquest.com
Irgarol 1051 is an algaecide used in copper-based antifoulant paints for controlling fouling
organisms on the hulls of recreational and commercial watercraft. Paints containing this …
organisms on the hulls of recreational and commercial watercraft. Paints containing this …
Assessing the effects of Irgarol 1051 on marine phytoplankton populations in Key Largo Harbor, Florida
IM Zamora-Ley, PR Gardinali, FJ Jochem - Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2006 - Elsevier
The antifouling boosting agent Irgarol 1051 is a strong inhibitor of the photosystem II (PSII)
with high efficiency/toxicity towards algae. However, because some phytoplankton species …
with high efficiency/toxicity towards algae. However, because some phytoplankton species …