DNA containing CpG motifs, which are present in bacterial DNA but suppressed in
mammalian DNA, can stimulate immune cells and modulate immune responses. A CpG …

Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODN) that express unmethylated “CpG motifs” trigger cells that
express Toll-like receptor 9. In humans this includes plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells …

Selected phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG (CpG-ODN) activate
immune responses, including B-cell proliferation and cytokine production. The mechanism …

Over the last few years, it has been recognized that along with structural components and
products of bacteria, bacterial DNA is also capable of signaling infectious danger to cells of …

Recognition of infectious danger by innate immune cells is a fundamental requirement to
directly combat infections and to activate the adaptive immune response of T and B cells …

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), the artificial versions of unmethylated CpG motifs
that were originally discovered in bacterial DNA, are demonstrated not only as potent …

Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base contexts (CpG-S motifs) are relatively
common in bacterial DNA but are rare in vertebrate DNA. B cells and monocytes have the …

Bacterial DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs can activate immune cells to release
proinflammatory cytokines. Here, the role of bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs in …

Bacterial DNA and immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) activate the
innate immune system to produce proinflammatory cytokines. Shown to be potent Th1-like …

BACKGROUND 0002. A traditional approach to treating cancer is to target the tumor itself
with therapy. An alternative approach to can cer therapy is to target the immune system …