The reproductive strategies of plants are highly variable. Short-lived annuals flower
abundantly soon after germination, whereas longer-lived perennials postpone and spatially …

Perennial plants live for more than 1 year and flower only after an extended vegetative
phase. We used Arabis alpina, a perennial relative of annual Arabidopsis thaliana, to study …

Plants flower in response to many varied cues, such as temperature, photoperiod, and age.
The floral transition of Cardamine flexuosa, a herbaceous biennial-to-perennial plant …

Multiple environmental and endogenous inputs regulate when plants flower. The molecular
genetic dissection of flowering time control in Arabidopsis has identified an integrated …

Plants integrate seasonal signals, including temperature and day length, to optimize the
timing of developmental transitions. Seasonal sensing requires the activity of two proteins …

Plants evolved so that their flowering is triggered by seasonal changes in day length.
However, day-length sensitivity in crops limits their geographical range of cultivation, and …

Vernalization, the acceleration of flowering by a long period of cold temperature, ensures
that many plants overwinter vegetatively and flower in spring. In Arabidopsis, allelic variation …

In plants, flowering is triggered by endogenous and environmental signals. CONSTANS
(CO) promotes flowering of Arabidopsis in response to day length. Four early target genes of …

The switch to reproductive development is biphasic in many plants, a feature important for
optimal pollination and yield. We show that dual opposite roles of the phytohormone …

Annual plants complete their life cycle in one year and initiate flowering only once, whereas
perennials live for many years and flower repeatedly. How perennials undergo repeated …