Drug addiction is widely recognized to afflict some but not all individuals by virtue of
underlying risk markers and traits involving multifaceted interactions between polygenic and …

The role of individual differences in the etiology of addiction is a very controversial issue.
Neuroendocrine phenotypes that are able to predispose an individual to the development of …

Critical features of human addiction are increasingly being incorporated into complementary
animal models, including escalation of drug intake, punished drug seeking and taking …

It was suggested in 1986 that cue-induced drug craving in cocaine addicts progressively
increases over the first several weeks of abstinence and remains high for extended periods …

Drug addiction is a syndrome of dysregulated motivation, evidenced by intense drug craving
and compulsive drug-seeking behavior. In the search for common neurobiological …

OBJECTIVE: A primary behavioral pathology in drug addiction is the overpowering
motivational strength and decreased ability to control the desire to obtain drugs. In this …

A decade ago, we hypothesized that drug addiction can be viewed as a transition from
voluntary, recreational drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits, neurally underpinned by …

Although dopamine is implicated in the development of addiction, it is unclear how specific
dopamine release patterns are involved with drug seeking. Addictive drugs increase tonic …

Since the first experimental hint for the existence of “an actual desire or striving for the drug”
in nonhuman animals by Sidney Spragg in the late 1930s, much effort has been expended …

An updated and expanded edition on the roles that brain function and genetics play in
addiction. Over the past 10 years, neurobiologic and genetic research has provided an …