Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not
all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its …

Background Fibrosis is the common pathological feature in most kinds of chronic kidney
disease (CKD). TGF-β/Smads signaling is the master pathway regulating kidney fibrosis …

Purpose Smad3 is a critical signaling protein in renal fibrosis. Proteolysis targeting chimeric
molecules (PROTACs) are small molecules designed to degrade target proteins via …

Smad7 is an inhibitory Smad and plays a protective role in obstructive and diabetic kidney
disease. However, the role and mechanisms of Smad7 in hypertensive nephropathy …

Introduction Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal
disease (ESRD) worldwide. Currently, there is no effective treatment to completely prevent …

Elevated expression of the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is
causatively linked to kidney fibrosis progression initiated by diabetic, hypertensive …

Although Smad3 is a key mediator for fibrosis, its functional role and mechanisms in
hypertensive nephropathy remain largely unclear. This was examined in the present study in …

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is considered as a crucial mediator in tissue fibrosis
and causes tissue scarring largely by activating its downstream small mother against …

In chronic renal diseases, progressive loss of renal function correlates with advancing tubulo-
interstitial fibrosis. TGFβ1-Smad (transforming growth factor-β1–Sma and Mad protein) …

Background Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad3 signaling is highly activated in
kidneys of patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN), however, the precise role of …