Respiration and heartbeat continuously interact within the living organism at many different
levels, representing two of the main oscillatory rhythms of the body and providing major …

Recent studies have established that cardiac and respiratory phases can modulate
perception and related neural dynamics. While heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia …

Breathing is a natural daily action that one cannot do without, and it sensitively and intensely
changes under various situations. What if this essential act of breathing can impact our …

Theoretical frameworks such as predictive coding suggest that the perception of the body
and world–interoception and exteroception–involve intertwined processes of inference …

Recent experimental evidence on patients with disorders of consciousness revealed that
observing brain-heart interactions helps to detect residual consciousness, even in patients …

Neuroscientific studies have mainly focused on the way humans perceive and interact with
the external world. Recent work in the interoceptive domain indicates that the brain …

Our emotional experiences depend on our interoceptive ability to perceive and interpret
changes in our autonomous nervous system. An inaccurate perception and interpretation of …

Prominent theories emphasize key roles for the insular cortex in the central representation of
interoceptive sensations, but how this brain region responds dynamically to changes in …

Whereas the neurophysiology of respiration has traditionally focused on automatic brain
stem processes, higher brain mechanisms underlying the cognitive aspects of breathing are …

Different emotions are accompanied by different bodily states and it is unclear which brain
structures are involved in both, the cerebral representation of the bodily change and the …