This study evaluates the efficacy and side effects of a low dose of epidural morphine
combined with clonidine for postoperative pain relief after lumbar disc surgery. In 36 of 51 …

A comparison of the effects ofepidural morphine and epidural morphine+ bupivacaine on
postoperative pain following lumbar laminectomy and discectomy. Thirty American Society …

The present study was conducted to investigate the analgesic effects of intra-operatively
administered epidural morphine in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar disc disease …

This prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled study was performed to compare the
postoperative analgesic efficacy of low-dose intrathecal and epidural morphine with …

In patients operated on for herniated lumbar disc, epidural morphine was administered
intraoperatively at the end of the procedure. A 10 milligram dose of morphine provided …

Background To evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of epidural morphine
administered at different timing in lumbar spine surgery. Methods Eighty-four patients who …

Objective: Evaluation of the effectiveness of local application of morphine or ropivacaine for
treatment of local and radicular pain after lumbar disc operations. Critical review of the …

We compared the efficacy and safety of continuous epidural fentanyl infusion with
intravenous morphine via a patient-controlled analgesia system (IV-PCA) in the …

A double-blind controlled study was done on 42 patients to test the analgesic activity of
epidural morphine after lumber laminectomy for single level disc herniation. Sixteen patients …

BACKGROUND: Clonidine is an α 2 adrenoreceptor and imidazoline receptor agonist,
which has analgesic, sedative, and minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration-sparing …