Bacterial DNA differs from vertebrate DNA in having a much higher content of unmethylated
CpG dinucleotides, in particular, base contexts that are termed 'CpG motifs'. The vertebrate …

Pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are able to distinguish certain
prokaryotic DNAs from vertebrate DNAs by detecting unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in …

The vertebrate immune system recognizes bacterial DNA as foreign based on its content of
unmethylated CpG motifs. The detection of CpG motifs by the innate immune system induces …

DNA vaccines can induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses without any
additional adjuvant. Recent studies indicate that unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within …

Several types of immune cells possess pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that can
distinguish prokaryotic DNA from vertebrate DNA by detecting unmethylated CpG …

Bacterial DNA, in contrast to vertebrate DNA, has the capacity to act as a potent immune
stimulator (Tokunaga et al. 1984; Messina et al. 1991; Yamamoto et al. 1992b). This is now …

Certain vertebrate immune cells have evolved receptors that detect the presence of
pathogen DNA based on its content of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base …

The mammalian immune system has evolved mechanisms to recognize and respond to
'danger'signals arising from pathogens. Among those danger signals are the unmethylated …

Vertebrate immune systems have evolved the ability to detect and be activated by most
microbial and viral DNAs by virtue of their content of unmethylated 'CpG motifs', which are …

Immune stimulation has been widely recognized as an undesirable side effect of certain
antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) which can interfere with their therapeutic …