Household air pollution (HAP) from biomass fuels, coal, and kerosene burned in open fires,
primitive stoves, and lamps causes at least 2 million deaths per year. Many of these deaths …

Household air pollution (HAP) is an exposure of poverty. The success in having a
sustainable reduction in HAP requires an understanding of the traditions and culture of the …

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that household air pollution (HAP)
accounts for an estimated 4.3 million premature deaths annually and 110 million disability …

Current understanding of the association between household air-pollution (HAP) and
cardiovascular disease is primarily derived from outdoor air-pollution studies. The lack of …

More than 3 billion people worldwide continue to depend on solid fuels such as wood, dung,
or crop residues for cooking and heating [1]. Use of these fuels in traditional stoves or open …

Since the earliest human times, humans have used wood as fuel for fires to cook their food.
Indeed, learning to control fire is considered the defining moment between the pre-human …

Household air pollution is a common but preventable risk factor for respiratory diseases.
Replacement of solid cooking fuels with clean fuels such as LPG gas as exemplified by the …

One of the greatest threats to public health is personal exposure to air pollution from indoor
sources. The impact of air pollution on mortality and morbidity globally and in South Africa is …

Biomass fuel smoke, secondhand smoke, and oxides of nitrogen are common causes of
household air pollution (HAP). Almost 2.4 billion people worldwide use solid fuels for …

Approximately three billion individuals are exposed to household air pollution (HAP) from
the burning of biomass fuels worldwide. Household air pollution is responsible for 2.9 million …