Household Air Pollution in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Health Risks and Research
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Exposure to smoke from the use of solid fuels and inefficient stoves for cooking and heating
is responsible for approximately 4 million premature deaths yearly. As increasing …

Exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP) from the burning of solid fuels for cooking, heating, and
lighting accounts for a significant portion of the global burden of death and disease, and …

Background Household air pollution (HAP) related to cooking is associated with significant
global morbidity and mortality. An estimated three billion people worldwide are exposed to …

Background: Exposure to household air pollution (HAP) from inefficient biomass and coal
stoves kills nearly 4 million people every year worldwide. HAP is an environmental risk …

Household air pollution arising from the combustion of dirty-burning fuels in and around the
home for cooking and heating (eg, wood, crop waste, dung, coal) is estimated by the World …

Zhang et al. Research needs for mitigating the health effects of air pollution with high-levels
of air pollution, research is needed to identify the sources of pollution most responsible for …

The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) will be the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030 (1). It also lists …

Globally, about 50% of all households and 90% of rural households use solid fuels (coal
and biomass) as the main domestic source of energy, thus exposing approximately 50% of …

Epidemiological studies during the past few decades have associated numerous ailments
with both acute and chronic exposures to air pollutants (Fig. 1). Fine particulate matter …