New modes of humoral recognition have been identified by studies of antibodies that
neutralize human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and influenza A viruses. Understanding …

The ability to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses against HIV-1 is a crucial goal for
a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine. Here, we discuss the difficulties of achieving broad HIV-1 …

The antibody response plays a key role in protection against viral infections. While antiviral
antibodies may reduce the viral burden via several mechanisms, the ability to directly inhibit …

The field of HIV-1 vaccine research has seen a renaissance with the identification of
antibodies that neutralize most circulating HIV-1 strains. An understanding of the structural …

Influenza viruses take a yearly toll on human life despite efforts to contain them with
seasonal vaccines. These viruses evade human immunity through the evolution of variants …

Certain human pathogens avoid elimination by our immune system by rapidly mutating the
surface protein sites targeted by antibody responses, and consequently they tend to be …

Antibody responses to the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins can be classified into three groups.
Binding but non-neutralizing responses are directed to epitopes that are expressed on …

Highlights•Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 and influenza antibodies possess significant levels of
affinity maturation.•Choice of initial immunogens may be critical to select naïve B cells that …

Antibodies serve as critical barriers to viral infection. Humoral immunity to a virus is achieved
through the dual role of antibodies in communicating the presence of invading pathogens in …

Current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing
antibodies. However, cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies arise in approximately 20% of …