β-Lactams are the most widely used class of antibiotics. Since the discovery of
benzylpenicillin in the 1920s, thousands of new penicillin derivatives and related β-lactam …

The increasing incidence and prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among
contemporary Gram-negative bacteria represents a significant threat to human health. Since …

β-Lactamase evolution presents to the infectious disease community a major challenge in
the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Because …

Clavulanate, sulbactam, and tazobactam have been used extensively for the last 30 years,
together with β-lactam antibiotics, to inhibit the effect of β-lactamases. Although they have …

Importance of the field: β-Lactam antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed
antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections. However, their utility is being threatened by the …

Since the introduction of penicillin, β-lactam antibiotics have been the antimicrobial agents
of choice. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these life-saving antibiotics is significantly threatened …

The β-lactams have a central place in the antibacterial armamentarium, but the increasing
resistance to these drugs, especially among Gram-negative bacteria, is becoming one of the …

The limited armamentarium against drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli has led to the
development of several novel β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (BLBLIs). In this …

Multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are an increasing public health threat
due to rapidly rising resistance toward β-lactam antibiotics. The hydrolytic enzymes called β …

ABSTRACT β-Lactamases, the major resistance determinant for β-lactam antibiotics in Gram-
negative bacteria, are ancient enzymes whose origins can be traced back millions of years …