It has long been thought that the eyes index the inner workings of the mind. Consistent with
this intuition, empirical research has demonstrated that pupils dilate as a consequence of …

The size of the human pupil increases as a function of mental effort. However, this response
is slow, and therefore its use is thought to be limited to measurements of slow tasks or tasks …

It has long been known that the diameter of human pupil enlarges with increasing effort
during the execution of a task. This has been observed not only for purely mechanical effort …

Pupillary dynamics reflect effects of distinct and important operations of visual working
memory: encoding, maintenance, and prioritization. Here, we review how pupil size predicts …

Changes in pupil diameter can reflect high-level cognitive signals that depend on central
neuromodulatory mechanisms. However, brain mechanisms that adjust pupil size are also …

Mind-wandering is both pervasive and detrimental to task performance. As such, identifying
covert physiological measures that are associated with this off-task state could inform …

The muscles that control the pupil are richly innervated by the autonomic nervous system.
While there are central pathways that drive pupil dilations in relation to arousal, there is no …

In conditions of constant illumination, the eye pupil diameter indexes the modulation of
arousal state and responds to a large breadth of cognitive processes, including mental effort …

Over 50 years of research have established that cognitive processes influence pupil size.
This has led to the widespread use of pupil size as a peripheral measure of cortical …

Pupillometry research has experienced an enormous revival in the last two decades. Here
we briefly review the surge of recent studies on task-evoked pupil dilation in the context of …