The seed represents the unit of reproduction of flowering plants, capable of developing into
another plant, and to ensure the survival of the species under unfavorable environmental …

Grain production in cereal crops depends on the stable formation of male and female
gametes in the flower. In most angiosperms, the female gamete is produced from a germline …

The evolution of seeds defines a remarkable landmark in the history of land plants. A
developing seed contains three genetically distinct structures: the embryo, the nourishing …

Flowering plants have evolved sophisticated and complicated reproductive structures to
ensure optimal conditions for the next generation. Successful reproduction relies on careful …

Seed development, which involves mainly the embryo, endosperm and integuments, is
regulated by different signaling pathways, leading to various changes in seed size or seed …

Auxin is indispensable to the fertilization‐induced coordinated development of the embryo,
endosperm, and seed coat. However, little attention has been given to the distribution …

Plant hormones have been shown to regulate key processes during embryogenesis in the
model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, but the mechanisms that determine the peculiar embryo …

The plant hormone auxin is a vital component for plant reproduction as it regulates the
development of both male and female reproductive organs, including ovules and gynoecia …

Like animals, plants have evolved into complex organisms. Developmental cohesion
between tissues and cells is possible due to signaling molecules (messengers) like …

Plant sexual reproduction involves highly structured and specialized organs: stamens (male)
and gynoecia (female, containing ovules). These organs synchronously develop within …