We live in an era of substantial progress in understanding myocardial structure and function
at genetic, molecular, and microscopic levels. Yet, ventricular myocardium has proven …

The new concepts of cardiac anatomy and physiology, based on the observations made by
Francisco Torrent-Guasp's discovery of the helical ventricular myocardial band, can be …

We are currently witnessing the advent of new diagnostic tools and therapies for heart
diseases, but, without serious scientific consensus on fundamental questions about normal …

The anatomic and functional observations made by Francisco Torrent-Guasp, in particular
his discovery of the helical ventricular myocardial band (HVMB), have challenged what has …

The heart's structure–function relationships explain normal cardiac dynamics and clarify how
they are disrupted by disease. For 500 years, anatomists described circumferential and …

OBJECTIVE: Understanding cardiac function requires knowledge of the architecture
responsible for the normal actions of emptying and filling. Newer imaging methods are …

Cardiac dynamics are traditionally linked to a left ventricle, right ventricle, and septum
morphology, a topography that differs from the heart's five-century-old anatomic description …

Keith [1], in 1918, provided an innovative and classic manuscript that stated,'we cannot claim
to have mastered the mechanism of the human heart until we give a fundamental …

The structural and functional organization of the ventricular myocardial mass is a
controversial matter that cannot be resolved by anatomical studies alone. Therefore, other …

Ventricular twisting, essential for cardiac function, is attributed to the contraction of
myocardial helical fibers. The exact relationship between ventricular anatomy and function …