The early Earth was characterized by the absence of oxygen in the ocean–atmosphere
system, in contrast to the well-oxygenated conditions that prevail today. Atmospheric …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is arguably the most important biological innovation in Earth's
history, facilitating the transition to a habitable planet for complex life. Dating the emergence …

We present carbonate Mo isotope data of the 2.64–2.5 Ga old Ghaap Group (Transvaal
Supergroup, South Africa) to contribute to the debate on early Earth oxygenation. Mo …

The local occurrence of oxygen-rich shallow marine water environments has been
suggested to significantly predate atmospheric oxygenation, which occurred during the …

The emergence of oxygen-producing (oxygenic) photosynthesis fundamentally transformed
our planet; however, the processes that led to the evolution of biological water splitting have …

We use the molybdenum isotope paleoredox proxy to look for evidence of small amounts of
O2 in the environment∼ 50Ma before the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in a high resolution …

It is widely assumed that atmospheric oxygen concentrations remained persistently low (less
than 10− 5 times present levels) for about the first 2 billion years of Earth's history. The first …

Sulfur isotope mass-independent fractionation (S-MIF) is a unique geologic record of
Archean atmospheric chemistry that provides important constraints on the evolution of the …

Despite its important biological and biogeochemical consequences,,, the identification of
extensive oceanic anoxia in the geological record is controversial. In particular, global …

Most geochemical proxies and models of atmospheric evolution suggest that the amount of
free O2 in Earth's atmosphere stayed below 10− 5 present atmospheric level (PAL) until the …