Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient
immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition …

Despite its complexity, the human body is composed of only four basic tissue types, namely
epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues. Notably, each tissue is an assemblage …

Regenerative medicine is an emerging field that centers on the restoration and regeneration
of functional components of damaged tissue. Tissue engineering is an application of …

The re-creation of physiological cellular microenvironments that truly resemble complex in
vivo architectures is the key aspect in the development of advanced in vitro organotypic …

Biomimetic scaffolds imitate native tissue and can take a multidimensional form. They are
biocompatible and can influence cellular metabolism, making them attractive bioengineering …

Regenerative medicine holds the promise of engineering functional tissues or organs to
heal or replace abnormal and necrotic tissues/organs, offering hope for filling the gap …

Throughout billions of years, biological systems have evolved sophisticated, multiscale
hierarchical structures to adapt to changing environments. Biomaterials are synthesized …

Conventional 2D cell culture techniques have provided fundamental insights into key
biochemical and biophysical mechanisms responsible for various cellular behaviors, such …

Fabrication of functional scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
applications requires material systems with precise control over cellular performance. 3D …

Bioprinting as an enabling technology for tissue engineering possesses the promises to
fabricate highly mimicked tissue or organs with digital control. As one of the biofabrication …