… The canonical cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamic motor circuit is thought to be crucial for the
motor aspects of vocal production. Interestingly, in this canonical circuit FoxP2 (refers to the …

We used transgenic reporter mice to determine whether brain regions that respond to retinoic
acid (RA) during development do so in maturity. We focused on two prominent sites of …

… that retinoic acid signalling through the retinoic acid receptors … patterning of prefrontal and
motor areas, development of PFC–… in frontal lobe patterning and circuit development. Many of …

… Retinoic acid … the motor circuitry, including cortical, striatal, and multiple thalamic regions
(Krezel et al., 1999), (Figure 1B). We focus on two key receptors found in the motor circuitry: …

… signaling plays in the specification of different neuron types and the circuits they participate
in… Patterning of motor neurons by retinoic acid in the chick embryo hindbrain in vitro. Mol Cell …

… levels of retinoic acid were spatiotemporally … neural circuits and perhaps change of dopamine
tone within the basal ganglia, which in turn leads to altered drug-induced repetitive motor …

… of retinoic acid to modify the electrical activity of neurons. In this study, we determined whether
retinoic acid might … of retinoic acid can rapidly elicit changes in neuronal firing properties. …

… possesses only a single retinoic acid receptor (rar) and a single retinoid X receptor (rxr) gene,
… of RA signaling for the acquisition of motor control in amphioxus larvae, which we propose …

… generation of motor neurons both in the hindbrain and spinal cord, but the role of retinoic acid
in … GABAergic interneurons are inhibitory local circuit neurons modulating neuronal activity …

… demonstrated both abnormal motor coordination and … of retinoic acid (RA) synthesis enzymes
(RDH10, ALDH1A1), metabolic enzyme (CYP26A2), and lower levels of RA, retinoic acid …